02 · Four testing pathways
Testing pathways
Choose the testing pathway that fits the cancer.
Route chooser
Blood cancers and solid tumours
Blood cancers · blood or bone marrow
Blood 600
Twin Blood 600
DNA and RNA together, from blood or bone marrow.
Explore this pathwaySolid tumours · tissue or blood-based
Exome / WES
Twin Exome
Whole-exome sequencing (WES) across every protein-coding gene.
Explore this pathwayLiquid 523
Twin Liquid
523-gene ctDNA panel from plasma. Hereditary testing included for germline filtering.
Explore this pathwayTissue 335
Twin Tissue
335-gene panel. FFPE or fresh tumour tissue.
Explore this pathwayComparison
Each route at a glance
| Pathway | Cancer context | Sample | Scope |
|---|---|---|---|
| Twin Blood 600 | Blood cancers | Blood or bone marrow | DNA and RNA together |
| Twin Exome | Solid tumours | Tumour tissue — FFPE or fresh | Whole-exome sequencing (WES) across every protein-coding gene |
| Twin Liquid 523 | Solid tumours | Plasma | 523-gene ctDNA panel; hereditary testing included for germline filtering |
| Twin Tissue 335 | Solid tumours | FFPE or fresh tumour tissue | 335-gene panel |
Integrated analytical features
What Twin can bring together across routes
SNVs and indels
Single-letter changes and small insertions or deletions in DNA.
Copy-number variations (CNVs)
Gains or losses of whole genes or larger DNA segments.
Gene fusions
Two genes joined together, sometimes producing an abnormal protein.
Tumour mutational burden (TMB)
How many mutations the tumour carries, within the region tested.
Microsatellite instability (MSI)
A pattern caused by faulty DNA mismatch repair.
Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD)
A defect in one of the cell's main DNA-repair systems.
HLA typing
The patient's immune-recognition gene types.
Pharmacogenomics (PGx)
Inherited variants that can affect how some drugs are processed.