04 · 21 proprietary layers
Layer 5 of 21 · Six shared core layers
ImmuneLens Immune landscape and biomarkers.
Why it's needed
What immune-related signals or biomarkers are relevant to the tumour context?
What it draws on
3 of 8 evidence domains.
What it produces
Immune-related findings and source and evidence context.
Why it's essential
Layer 5 of 21.
1 · What it does
What ImmuneLens does
Some tumour features are relevant to how the immune system interacts with the cancer and to how immunotherapy is evaluated. ImmuneLens is intended to bring the immune-related biomarkers that are available into one context, with their assay and evidence attached.
2 · Scientific question
The question it addresses
What immune-related signals or biomarkers are relevant to the tumour context?
Intended function
Explain how available immune markers or signatures may be contextualised.
3 · Data inputs and required context
What it draws on
- 01 Molecular & genomic
- 05 Immune landscape
- 03 Clinical context
TMB, MSI and HLA results where reported by the pathway, plus the diagnosis needed to interpret them.
4 · Scientific basis
The science behind it
Scientific basis
Immune-related genomic biomarkers commonly considered in oncology include tumour mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI) and HLA genotype, all of which are integrated analytical features of Twin. Expression-based immune signatures need RNA data, and protein biomarkers are measured by separate laboratory methods. Definitions and thresholds are assay- and indication-specific.
5 · Output and evidence sources
What it produces
Main output
Immune-related findings and source and evidence context.
Output type
- Assay-derived finding. Reported from laboratory sequencing data, subject to assay scope and quality.
- Evidence-linked interpretation. Connects a finding to published or curated evidence, which has a source and a date.
6 · Why it\u2019s essential
How it powers the Twin
Organises measured immune biomarkers for the treatment-options section and informs the tumour microenvironment layer.
Report section
7 · Why it\u2019s needed
What it changes — for doctors, patients and researchers
Clinicians
Measured biomarkers with their assay context and indication-specific evidence in one place.
Doctor & Clinical TeamPatients & caregivers
Explains why terms such as TMB or MSI may appear in a report and what they can and cannot say.
Patient & Caregiver8 · Dependencies and limitations
Limitations
- Measured biomarkers must be kept separate from inferred immune state or predicted-response claims.
- TMB values from different assays are not directly interchangeable, and thresholds vary by indication.
9 · Review and uncertainty
How the output is handled
Output status
An AI-assisted analytical output presented as structured findings for clinician review. It becomes part of a report only after the treating oncologist has reviewed and signed it.
How uncertainty is communicated
Results carry a measured or inferred label and the assay-specific threshold used.
10 · Claim boundary
What this layer does not establish
A biomarker result does not predict that an individual will respond to immunotherapy.
The treating oncologist owns every decision. Every Twin report is reviewed and signed by the treating oncologist, then taken to KPCIRC's Molecular Tumour Board.
KPCIRC sign-off process